Kodi kusinthika kwa utomoni wa IX ndi chiyani?
Pakadutsa gawo limodzi kapena kupitilira apo, utomoni wa IX umakhala wotopa, kutanthauza kuti sungathenso kuyanjanitsa kusintha kwa ion. Izi zimachitika ngati ayoni wonyansa afikira pafupifupi malo onse omwe alipo pamatrix. Mwachidule, kusinthika ndi njira yomwe magulu anionic kapena cationic amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pamatrix omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito. Izi zimakwaniritsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yothetsera mankhwala, ngakhale njira zenizeni ndi zosintha zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zimadalira pazinthu zingapo.
Mitundu ya njira zosinthira utomoni wa IX
Machitidwe a IX amatenga mawonekedwe amitundu yomwe imakhala ndi utoto umodzi kapena mitundu ingapo. Pakazungulirakuutumiki, mtsinje umayendetsedwa mgawo la IX pomwe umakumananso ndi utomoni. Kusintha kwatsopano kumatha kukhala imodzi mwamitundu iwiri, kutengera njira yomwe njira yothetsera vuto imatenga. Izi zikuphatikiza:
1）Co-otaya kusinthika (CFR). Mu CFR, yankho lobwezeretsanso limatsata njira yofananira ndi yankho lomwe liyenera kuchitidwa, lomwe nthawi zambiri limakhala lotsika mpaka pansi mu gawo la IX. CFR siyimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kutsika kwakukulu kumafunikira chithandizo kapena kufunikira kwapamwamba kwambiri, chifukwa asidi amphamvu a cation (SAC) ndi mabedi olimba a anion (SBA) amadzimadzimadzimadzimadzimadzimadzimadzimadzimadzimadzi chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mayankho obwezeretsa angafunike kupanganso utomoni. Popanda kusandulikanso kwathunthu, utomoniwo ukhoza kutulutsa ayoni wonyansa mumtsinje wothandiziridwayo potsatira ntchito ina.
2）Kubwezeretsanso kusintha kosinthikan (RFR). Imadziwikanso kuti kusinthika kwa counterflow, RFR imakhudzanso jekeseni wa njira yothetsera njira ina momwe ntchito ikuyendera. Izi zitha kutanthauza kukonzanso kutsitsa / kutsika kwa madzi kapena kutsika kwa kutsika / kutsika kwatsopano. Mulimonsemo, yankho lobwezeretsanso limalumikizitsa utoto wosatopa koyamba, ndikupangitsa kuti kusinthako kukhale kothandiza kwambiri. Zotsatira zake, RFR imafunikira yankho locheperako ndipo imabweretsa kutayikira kocheperako, ngakhale ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti RFR imagwira ntchito bwino ngati magawo a utomoni amakhalabe m'malo osinthika. Chifukwa chake, RFR iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ndi zipilala za IX zodzaza ndi bedi, kapena ngati mtundu wina wa chida chosungira umagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa utomoni kuti usasunthike mkati mwake.
Masitepe okhudzidwa ndi kukonzanso kwa utomoni wa IX
Njira zoyambira pakusintha zimakhala ndi izi:
Backwash. Kubwezeretsanso m'mbuyo kumachitika mu CFR kokha, ndipo kumaphatikizapo kutsuka utomoni kuti uchotse zolimba zoyimitsidwa ndikugawanso mikanda yolumikizana. Kusokonezeka kwa mikanda kumathandiza kuchotsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayika ndi utoto pamtambo.
Regenerant jakisoni. Njira yothetsera vutoli imayikidwa mu IX pamagawo otsika kwambiri kuti athe kulumikizana ndi utomoni. Njira yobwezeretsanso imakhala yovuta kwambiri pamagawo osakanikirana omwe amakhala ndi utomoni wa anion ndi cation. Mwachitsanzo, pobowola bedi losakanizika la IX, ma resin amasiyana kaye, kenako amadzipangitsanso a caustic, kenako amatsitsimutsa asidi.
Kusintha kwatsopano. Wosinthayo amatulutsidwa pang'onopang'ono ndikubweretsa kuchepa kwa madzi osungunuka, makamaka pamlingo wofanana ndi yankho lobwezeretsa. Pazigawo zosakanikirana, kusamutsidwa kumachitika mutagwiritsa ntchito njira zonse zowonjezeretsa, ndipo ma resin amaphatikizidwa ndi mpweya wothinikizika kapena nayitrogeni. Kuthamanga kwa gawo ili "lochedwa kutsuka" kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala kuti zisawonongeke mikanda ya utomoni.
Muzimutsuka. Pomaliza, utomoni umatsukidwa ndi madzi pamlingo wofanana ndi momwe ntchito imayendera. Kutsekemera kumayenera kupitilira mpaka mulingo woyenera wamadzi utakwaniritsidwa.
Ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzanso utomoni wa IX?
Mtundu uliwonse wa utomoni umafuna gulu laling'ono lazomwe zingayambitsenso mankhwala. Apa, tafotokoza mayankho omwe amabwera chifukwa cha utomoni, ndikufotokozera mwachidule njira zina ngati zingafunike.
Amphamvu obwezeretsa asidi cation (SAC)
Ma resin a SAC amatha kupangidwanso mphamvu ndi zidulo zamphamvu. Sodium chloride (NaCl) ndiwowonjezeka kwambiri pofewetsera ntchito, chifukwa ndi wotsika mtengo komanso wopezeka mosavuta. Potaziyamu mankhwala enaake (KCl) njira ina yodziwika bwino kuposa NaCl pomwe sodium ndi yosafunikira pochiza, pomwe ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) nthawi zambiri imalowetsedwa m'malo mochita kufewetsa.
Demineralization ndi njira ziwiri, yoyamba yomwe imakhudza kuchotsa ma cations pogwiritsa ntchito utomoni wa SAC. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yogwiritsiranso ntchito popanga chidziwitso. Sulfuric acid (H2SO4), pomwe njira yotsika mtengo komanso yowopsa ku HCl, imagwira ntchito pang'ono, ndipo imatha kubweretsa mpweya wa calcium sulphate ikagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
Zowonongeka za acid cation (WAC) zobwezeretsa
HCl ndiye njira yotetezeka kwambiri, yothandiza kwambiri pakusintha ntchito. H2SO4 itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira ina ya HCl, ngakhale iyenera kusungidwa mozama kuti mupewe mpweya wa calcium sulphate. Njira zina zimaphatikizapo ma asidi ofooka, monga acetic acid (CH3COOH) kapena citric acid, omwe nthawi zina amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kupanganso ma resin a WAC.
Strong Base Anion (SBA) osinthika
Ma resin a SBA amatha kusinthidwa ndi maziko olimba. Soda ya Caustic (NaOH) imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati SEN regenerant ya demineralization. Caustic potashi itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito, ngakhale ndiyotsika mtengo.
Ofooka Base Anion (WBA) resins
NaOH nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzanso WBA, ngakhale ma alkalis ofooka atha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito, monga Ammonia (NH3), Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), kapena kuyimitsidwa kwa laimu.
Post nthawi: Jun-16-2021